Labor market discrimination economic issues for gay men and lesbians

It considers the dynamics of SGD families and households one or more adults with or without children living togetherthe attainment of an adequate or equal standard of living for SGD people in comparison with heterosexual and cisgender people, and barriers to that attainment, such as discrimination.

Economic Well Being Understanding

In addition, no probability-based surveys with individual income measures include questions on transgender status or people with intersex traits, so less is known about the economic status of those groups. Food insecurity, housing hardship, barriers to health care access, and medical discrimination are all major issues LGBT workers face.

The research primarily compares people who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual with those who identify as heterosexual, or it compares transgender people with those who are cisgender. LGBTQ+ people of color, transgender women and men and non-binary individuals earn even less when compared to the typical worker.

New data from the Census Bureau reveal economic insecurity and labor market gaps experienced by LGBT people compared with non-LGBT populations. In the United States, most of those resources or goods and services come from the marketplace, requiring purchases using income acquired through earnings from employment, benefits from a public assistance program, or income derived from sources of wealth.

NCBI Bookshelf. However, such simple comparisons of average earnings may be misleading, as differences in the characteristics of groups, such as a higher average education level or different ages, confound observed earnings differences across groups. Overall, studies that measure socioeconomic status as earnings, household income, poverty, and occupational attainment reveal a complex picture of the economic well-being of SGD populations.

Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. This chapter explores what is known and not known about the economic well-being of SGD populations, and it identifies essential economics research needs. Accordingly, the rest of this section reviews research from economics and sociology that accounts for other influences on earnings, such as race, sex, age, education, and experience.

Though data suggest that LGBT 1 individuals are more likely to be employed than their cis-hetero counterparts, many LGBT workers struggle with unmet needs. Some samples of older SGD populations are too small for analysis or for detailed comparisons by race or ethnicity.

Although data constraints on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual (LGBTQIA+) employees have limited research on the pay disparity experienced by this group overall, research has shown that subgroups, such as transgender individuals and LGBTQ+ people of color, are paid less than others in the labor market.

The chapter also discusses several factors that are likely to affect income and wealth. They are also connected to family, health, community, and other aspects of well-being addressed elsewhere in this report. Below follows a discussion on various economic disparities the LGBTQ+ community faces as well as evidence of the LGBTQ+ wage gap in the United States.

Much evidence suggests that bisexual and transgender people have lower incomes and higher poverty than lesbian, gay, and cisgender heterosexual people Badgett, ; Badgett, Choi, and Wilson, ; Carpenter, Eppink, and Gonzales, Lesbian women and gay men may have mitigated some of the effects of discrimination on earnings and household income through adaptive strategies in education, occupations, and family decisions, but they still face discrimination in the labor force Valfort, Research on individual earnings suggests that, after controlling for differences in income-related characteristics, gay and bisexual men earn less than heterosexual men and that lesbian and bisexual women earn less than heterosexual men but more than heterosexual women Klawitter, ; Valfort, Recent research suggests that the lower earnings of bisexual men might be driving those general patterns for men, but the research is not conclusive on this point Carpenter, ; Mize, ; Sabia, Some evidence suggests that the wage gap for men might be diminishing over time, but these observations are preliminary and have not been confirmed.

The site is secure. Socioeconomic status and educational, employment, and housing opportunities are important measures of well-being. Other significant data gaps remain.

Socioeconomic Inequalities in the

Federal government websites often end in. Lesbian women and gay men may have mitigated some of the effects of discrimination on earnings and household income through adaptive strategies in education, occupations, and family decisions, but they still face discrimination in the labor force (Valfort, ).

Making comparisons of income among sexual orientation and gender identity categories is a complex task. As a complement to the discussion of education in Chapter 9 and the discussion of health in Chapter 11 —two areas that contribute to the skills and knowledge that an individual has to offer in the labor market, known as human capital Goldin, —this chapter adds a discussion of individual occupational attainment.

The health, well-being, and quality of life of sexual and gender diverse SGD populations are significantly affected by the economic systems in which they live, develop, and work. 2 Crucially, these struggles are distributed unevenly along lines of race, class, and gender.

Accordingly, this chapter addresses what is known about income, wealth, and poverty, looking at differences based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Queer people. Many datasets that lack sexual orientation questions do contain household rosters that allow the identification of people with same-sex partners, as in the U.

Census Bureau, n.